Polycystic ovary, which develops as the formation of many small and benign cysts in the ovaries, is a gynecological disease that manifests itself with menstrual regularity and causes many complaints such as weight gain, hair growth throughout the body, and acne formation. The problem of not being able to have children is often observed in women with this disease due to disruption of the ovulation pattern due to cysts formed in the ovaries. Many cysts in the ovaries disrupt the hormonal structure, causing hair growth and acne formation. This disease, which negatively affects the quality of life and appearance by damaging the appearance, is a type of disease that brings with it psychological problems and must be treated.
Polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a serious disease, if left untreated for a long time, can lead to many important problems such as fatty liver, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, infertility, depression and anxiety disorders, hypertension, and sleep apnea.
Although the disease usually does not cause any symptoms in the beginning, it begins to show itself with some symptoms as the process progresses. Although symptoms vary depending on the person, common symptoms seen in most women can be listed as follows:
The symptoms mentioned above are common symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, and the most common symptom is menstrual irregularity. The disease, which manifests itself as amenorrhea, excessive hair growth and acne a few cycles after the first menstrual cycle, especially in young girls between the ages of 13-19, can also occur at older ages.
Although the cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is not known exactly, it is known that genetic and environmental factors are effective in its emergence. Familial predisposition plays an important role in the formation of the disease. Individuals with a family history of polycystic ovaries are more likely to contract this disease than other individuals. In addition, obesity is among the factors that predispose to the formation of this disease. Excess weight and the resulting insulin resistance cause hyperinsulinemia (increase in the level of insulin hormone in the blood), which increases the synthesis of androgen hormone in the body. As a result, the balance of sex hormones in the body is disrupted, causing ovulation disorders and the problem of not being able to ovulate, called anovulation. With the disruption of the ovulation pattern, cyst formation is observed in the ovaries, and this situation progresses and leads to the emergence of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Diagnosis in polycystic ovary syndrome; It is determined by examining clinical findings, radiological images and the patient's history in detail. In patients with one or more problems such as menstruation earlier or later than normal, amenorrhea, deepening of the voice, hair growth, and excessive hair loss, the ovaries and uterus are examined in detail with pelvic or vaginal ultrasonography. The disease can be diagnosed in the light of all these diagnostic tests by measuring hormone levels as a result of a blood test on the 3rd day of menstruation. In individuals with the disease, especially in hormone tests, it is seen that FSH and LH hormone levels, which regulate the ovulation cycle, are outside normal, estrogen hormone levels are low, and male hormone levels are higher than normal. In cases where the ratio of the hormone level that enables ovulation to the level of the hormone that grows the egg is 3 or more, the patient can be considered to have polycystic ovary syndrome. Ultrasound is also of great importance in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) treatment varies depending on age and the patient's wishes. While planning the treatment of patients, they should be helped to lose excess weight under the supervision of a dietitian. Because obesity, which is more common in women with PCOS than others, worsens the symptoms and makes response to treatment difficult. As a result of weight control, the rate of regular menstruation should be increased.
As a result of medical treatment and weight loss, there may be a significant improvement in menstrual cycle, and pregnancy can sometimes occur spontaneously when the ovulation problem ends. In cases where menstrual irregularity continues, medications and hormone injections that stimulate ovulation can be used. Pregnancy is attempted by recommending normal intercourse or by insemination from the eggs developed as a result of follow-up. If pregnancy has not occurred after 3-4 follow-ups and vaccinations, it is recommended to switch to in vitro fertilization.
In patients who do not want to have children, the aim is to control the patient's hormonal balance.It is to regulate the menstrual cycle and ensure regular menstruation.
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